Muhammad fawwad

The old name of this city was Yathrib.It was changed to Madinah(originally Madinah tul Nabi,or the city of the prophet) when the Holy Prophet(peace be upon him)migrated to this city in 622AD(or 1AH). Millions of Muslims come to this city every year to visit the Prophet 'sMosque(or Masjid-e-Nabwi). Madinah is also in Saudi Arabia with a population of over 1.3 millo

Makkah is the religious centre of the Muslim world.It is the city of the holy Kaaba, believed by Muslim to be the house of God.Traditionally, Hazrat Ismail (a.s) founded the city, and later helped his father, hazrat Ibrahim (a.s)raise the holy Kaaba . Since then, the sacred building has been vreconstructed many times, but the foundation have remained the same. The holy prophet, Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) was also born in this city, which is visited by almost 3 million Muslim everyyear in the month of Zil-Haja. Makkah is located in Saudi Arabia and has a population of over 1.5 million

Hazrat Muawiya became caliph after Hazrat Ali and shifted the capital from kufa to Damascus (Damishque in Arabic). He founded the first navy in Muslim history to fight the Byzantine fleet in the Mediterranean Sea.Towards the end of his life, he nominated his son, Yazid,and asked the people to promise loyalty to Yazid.Muslim historians see this as the beginning of monarchy(or the rule of kings) in the history of Islam(a king is always succeeded by his son or some other close member of his family). The rule of Yazid was strongly opposed by Iman Husain (razi Allah anhu), the son of Hazrat Ali. He was martyred, along with his family members, in Kerbala in 680.

The six people nominated by Hazrat Umar include:Ali: Usman, Zubair, Talha,Saad bin Waqas,and Abdur Rahman bin Awf. All of them were companions of the Prophet(peace be upon him),and distinguished personalities. Amongst them, Hazrat Usman(razi Allah anhu)became the third caliph. He was seventy years old at that time. Hazrat Usman was known for his generosity and leniency. He also liked to trust his friend. His rule was the longest among the Pious Caliphs. The most remarkable achievement during his rule was the propagation of the Holy Quran throughout the lands conquered by the Arabs by that time. In the end, however, some people developed grievances against their Caliph, and a group of rebels assassinated him while he was reading the Quran at home. It is said that he had refused to appoint soldiers for his protection, although he knew that rebels were about to invade his home-he considered it unfair to ridk other people's lives to save his own.

Hazrat Ali became caliph after the death of Hazrat Usman at Madinah.However,Hazrat Muawiya (razi Allah anhu),a son of Abu Sufiyan and a companion of the Prophet(peace be upon him),did not accept his rule.This led to two battles between the Muslim themselves -the Battle of the camel,in which Hazrat Ali had to fight against Bibi Ayesha(razi Allah anhu),a wife of the holy Prophet(peace be upon him),and the Battle of Sufiyan, which was fought between the armies of Hazrat Ali and Hazrat Muawiya. Hazrat Ali, popularly known as Asadullah, or the lion of God, was an outstanding genius.He was a grate scholar as well as a fearless soldier, whose name itself stands as a symbol of bravery in the minds of Muslims, from his own time and throughout the. centuries